Otocinclus
Otocinclus is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America which are commonly called "dwarf suckers" or "otos".Otocinclus is the most basal genus of the tribe Hypoptopomatini of the subfamily Hypoptopomatinae. However, phylogenetic relationships are currently under study and this genus may eventually be relocated. Its monophyly is supported by seven derived features. O cocama, O. huaorani, O. bororo, O. mariae, and O. mura, and O. batmani form a monophyletic group within this genus. A monophyletic group is also formed by O. flexilis, O. xakriaba, and O. mimulus, which all share mimicry as a synapomorphy.Otocinclus, like other loricariids, are characterized by rows of armour plating covering the body, as well as the underslung suckermouth. They are generally small in size; Otocinclus tapirape is the smallest of the species (2.4 cm), while Otocinclus flexilis is the biggest (5.5 cm). These fish do not exceed 50 millimetres (2.0 in) SL.Otocinclus spp. have adaptations that allow these fish to breathe air. A duct forms at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach and expands into an enlarged, ring-like diverticulum, diagnostic of this genus, which allows air-breathing of these fishes
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